Orchids require mycorrhizal fungi for seed germination and nutrient uptake throughout their life cycles. Most studies on orchid mycorrhizal biology have focussed on terrestrial orchids despite epiphytic orchids comprising the global majority of species. Sarcochilus or “butterfly”orchids are small epiphytic species found typically in rainforests in coastal eastern Australia. These orchids are highly sought by orchid fanciers and at present, 6 of the 18 of known species are considered vulnerable or endangered. Isolation and identification of the mycorrhizal partners of these orchids is important from a conservation perspective as it can enhance ex situ horticultural growth and be used to guide suitable reintroduction sites. In our research we have investigated the mycorrhizal biology of two vulnerable Sarcochilus species, namely Sarcochilis weinthallii (Blotched butterfly orchid) and S. hartmannii (Large boulder orchid). With regards S. weinthallii, we procured roots from three sites in south-east Queensland and identified the mycorrhizal fungal partner of the species through extraction and sequencing of fungal DNA from colonised orchid roots as well as pure fungal cultures grown out from orchid roots. A single species of Ceratobasidium predominated in the orchid suggesting that the orchid displays narrow fungal specificity. We have also sampled roots from S. hartmannii at multiple sites in south-east Queensland and north-east NSW. Sequencing of DNA from pure fungal cultures grown from roots suggests that the orchid is also colonised by a Ceratobasidium species but a taxon different from that associating with S. weinthalii. This information will add to basic understanding of the biology of epiphytic orchids as well as inform conservation efforts on these species.